As reported by Science Dailey, a new study published online march 4 in advance of an upcoming print issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine discusses an investigational experimental vaccine for the asbestos-related cancer mesothelioma. Science Dailey reports the study indicates that the vaccine may be safe and may help slow tumor growth. Researchers in the Netherlands tested the vaccine – which infuses a patient’s own dendritic cells with antigen from the patient’s tumor – on 10 patients and found that it induced an immune T-cell response against mesothelioma tumors.
This is the first time DC-based immunotherapy has been tested in patients with mesothelioma, which typically occurs in the lungs but can arise at other body sites. The full title of the study is Consolidative Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Elicits Cytotoxicity Against Malignant Mesothelioma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010; DOI; 10.1164/rccm.200909-1465OC
Asbestos has been regulated in developed countries for decades, but the incidence of mesothelioma is expected to continue to increase until 2020. Incidence rates of mesothelioma may continue throughout the 21st century in developing nations if they do not regulate the use of asbestos. Median survival after mesothelioma diagnosis is about 12 months. The standard chemotherapy treatment improves survival by about three months.
“The possibility to harness the potency and specificity of the immune system underlies the growing interest in cancer immunotherapy,” study author Dr. Joachim Aerts, a pulmonary physician at Erasmus Medical Center, said in a news release. “One such approach uses the patient’s own [dendritic cells] to present tumor-associated antigens and thereby generate tumor-specific immunity.” Dendritic cells are a form of immune system cell.
The major problem in mesothelioma is that the immunosuppressive environment caused by the tumor will negatively influence our therapy so we are not working on a method to lower this immunosuppressive environment,” Aerts said. “We hope that by further development of our method it will be possible to increase survival in patients with mesothelioma and eventually vaccinate persons who have been in contact with asbestos to prevent them from getting asbestos related diseases.”